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Types of Centrifugal Fans Explained | Industrial Fan Guide

01.07.2025

When it comes to industrial air movement, few components are as essential as centrifugal fans. These high-performance machines are used across manufacturing, processing, and environmental systems to move air efficiently under pressure. But with several types of centrifugal fans available, knowing which one suits your specific application is crucial.

In this guide, we explore the different types of centrifugal fans, what makes each one unique, and how to choose the right model for your airflow, pressure, and environmental needs.

What Are the Different Types of Centrifugal Fans?

The types of centrifugal fans are classified primarily by their impeller blade design. Each blade type affects airflow characteristics, pressure development, efficiency, and durability. Let’s explore the four most common types used in industrial and commercial settings.

1. Forward-Curved Centrifugal Fans

Forward-curved centrifugal fans feature numerous short blades that curve in the direction of rotation. They are designed to move large volumes of air at low pressure, making them ideal for compact systems.

Best for:

HVAC and ventilation systems
Low-pressure ductwork
Clean air applications

Advantages:

Quiet operation at low speeds
Compact size
Cost-effective for low-resistance setups

Limitations:

Lower energy efficiency
Can overload if pressure rises unexpectedly

Example from Fans and Blowers:

FCZ Centrifugal Fan – Designed for high flow at low pressures.

2. Backward-Curved Centrifugal Fans

Backward-curved centrifugal fans have fewer, longer blades that curve away from the direction of rotation. They are more efficient than forward-curved fans and better suited for medium to high-pressure systems.

Best for:

Industrial dust extraction
Process cooling
Fume and particle-laden air movement

Advantages:

High energy efficiency
Lower noise levels at operating speed
Better performance at higher pressures

Limitations:

Larger size compared to forward-curved fans
Less compact for tight installations

Example Models:

BSNZ – Medium volume, high pressure
BCZ – High-pressure applications
QPZ – Maximum performance in demanding environments

3. Radial Centrifugal Fans

Radial centrifugal fans—also known as straight-blade fans—have robust, paddle-style impellers. These fans discharge air at a 90-degree angle and excel in handling dirty or particulate-laden air.

Best for:

Combustion air systems
Waste handling and filtration
High-resistance applications

Advantages:

Heavy-duty construction
Excellent for dusty or abrasive air streams
Reliable in harsh industrial environments

Limitations:

Louder than other types of centrifugal fans
Less efficient in clean air systems

Example Model:

GXZ Centrifugal Fan – Geared towards gas and exhaust applications.

4. Aerofoil Centrifugal Fans

Aerofoil centrifugal fans feature blades shaped like an aircraft wing for aerodynamic efficiency. They deliver quiet, clean airflow with minimal energy consumption and are ideal for filtered or conditioned air applications.

Best for:

Clean room ventilation
Laboratories
Air handling units (AHUs)

Advantages:

Highest energy efficiency
Very low noise output
Smooth and stable airflow

Limitations:

Not suitable for dusty or abrasive environments
Requires clean intake air

How to Choose Between the Types of Centrifugal Fans

Choosing the right type of centrifugal fan depends on several important criteria:

Airflow and Pressure

High volume, low pressure: Forward-curved is ideal.
Moderate to high pressure: Backward-curved or aerofoil is best.
High resistance or contaminated air: Go for radial.

Space Availability

Limited space: Forward-curved fans are compact.
Large-scale systems: Radial and backward-curved offer performance and durability.

Noise Constraints

Choose backward-curved or aerofoil fans for low-noise environments.
Use enclosures or silencers for radial or forward-curved units in sensitive locations.

Air Cleanliness

Dirty or particulate-laden air: Radial fans handle it best.
Clean air systems: Aerofoil or forward-curved are more appropriate.

Final Thoughts: Which Type of Centrifugal Fan Do You Need?

Knowing the different types of centrifugal fans and their strengths will help you build an air movement system that delivers long-term performance, efficiency, and reliability. Whether you're upgrading an HVAC system, specifying fans for dust extraction, or designing a gas-boosting line, there's a centrifugal fan to meet your exact needs.

Fans and Blowers is here to help you make the right choice, backed by decades of engineering experience and a wide portfolio of industrial fan solutions.