How Does a Centrifugal Fan Work? | Guide Explained Simply

13.05.2025

If you’re designing or upgrading an industrial ventilation system, one of the most important components is the fan. But how does a centrifugal fan work, and why is it preferred in many high-resistance air movement applications?

In this guide, we break down the core principles, components, and benefits of centrifugal fans—and why they are the top choice for many industrial and commercial settings.

What Is a Centrifugal Fan?

A centrifugal fan is a mechanical device that moves air or gases using centrifugal force. Air enters through the centre of the fan and is flung outward by a spinning impeller. This motion increases air pressure and redirects airflow at a 90-degree angle, making centrifugal fans ideal for ducted systems and resistance-heavy environments.

How Does a Centrifugal Fan Work?

Let’s walk through how a centrifugal fan works step-by-step:

• Air enters the fan via a central inlet.
• The impeller rotates, creating centrifugal force.
• Air is pushed outward from the impeller’s center to the edge.
• The housing directs the air out through the discharge port at a higher pressure and velocity.

Unlike axial fans—which move air in a straight line—centrifugal fans change the direction of airflow, allowing them to overcome greater resistance in ductwork or filtration systems.

Key Components in a Centrifugal Fan

Understanding how a centrifugal fan works means looking at its parts:

• Impeller: The rotating blade assembly that generates centrifugal force. Blade shapes (forward-curved, backward-curved, radial) affect airflow and pressure.
• Fan Housing (Volute): A spiral-shaped casing that channels and compresses air, increasing pressure before discharge.
• Motor: Powers the impeller. Available in direct-drive or belt-drive configurations.
• Inlet & Outlet: Air enters through the center and exits perpendicular to the intake.

Advantages of Using Centrifugal Fans

• High Static Pressure: Ideal for ducted systems or where airflow must overcome filters or resistance.
• Direction Control: Redirects airflow by 90°, ideal for compact or complex layouts.
• Quieter Operation: Especially backwards-curved fans in closed systems.
• Durable Design: Handles corrosive, dusty, or high-moisture environments.
• Energy Efficient: Engineered for consistent, reliable performance with minimal waste.

Common Applications of Centrifugal Fans

Centrifugal fans are widely used in:

• HVAC systems
• Dust and fume extraction
• Spray booths
• Drying systems
• Pharmaceutical & cleanroom exhausts
• Industrial process ventilation

Any application requiring reliable airflow through ductwork or equipment will benefit from centrifugal fans. Find out more uses here!

Why You Should Use a Centrifugal Fan

Understanding how a centrifugal fan works is key to designing an efficient air movement system. These fans deliver consistent pressure, reliable airflow, and versatile performance across a wide range of industrial applications.

At Fans and Blowers, we supply and design centrifugal fans that meet your specific performance needs—whether off-the-shelf or fully bespoke.

Talk to Our Experts

Need help choosing the right fan? Our team is here to help. Contact us for custom advice, specs, and a free quote.